Chemical physics

Portada
Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1877

Dentro del libro

Contenido

TO Law of Multiple Proportions ib II Law of Equivalent Proportions
18
Equivalent numbers
20
12a Hypothesis of Atomic Constitution of Matter
22
Symbolic Notation
23
Correction for Weighings taken in
24
PAGE
25
Law of Volumes
27
Application of the Law of Equivalent Proportions
31
Equivalency of the Elements
34
16a Atomicity of the Elements
35
CHAPTER II
37
English System of Weights and Measures
38
18a Unit of Force
40
The Balance
41
Density
42
Density of Liquids
43
CHAPTER III
47
ElasticityMechanical Properties of Gases 4869
48
Elasticity of Solids and Liquids 27 Boyles or Mariottes Law of Elasticity in Gases
49
Repulsion among the Particles of Gases 29 The AirPump
52
AirPump with a Single Barrel 30a Sprengels Mercurial AirPump 31 Pressure of the
53
The Condensing Syringe 33 Weight of the
56
The Household Pump
58
The Pressure Gauge and Barometer
59
The Syphon
62
The Pneumatic Trough
63
The Gas Holder
64
Correction of Gases for Pressure
66
Density of the Atmosphere at different heights
68
Cohesion
69
Measurement of Cohesion 44 Reunion of Divided Surfaces 45 Cohesion of Solids
70
48
74
49
75
Capillarity 50 Variations in Capillarity
76
52
77
53
79
Influence of Surface on Adhesion
80
Solution
83
Adhesion between Liquids
85
Cohesion Figures
86
Diffusion of LiquidsMode of Measuring it 59 Laws of the Diffusion of Liquids 60 OsmoseEndosmosis and Exosmosis PAGE 75 76
91
The OsmometerConditions of Osmose 62 DialysisCrystalloidsColloids
98
Flow of Liquids through Capillary Tubes
100
56
106
Desiccation of Gases
109
Diffusion of Gases
110
58
113
Effusion of Gases
114
Transpiration of Gases
116
Passage of Gases through Diaphragms
118
70a Passage of Gases through Metallic Septa
120
Separation of Bodies by Cold or HeatCryohydrates
125
Crystallization
127
Modes of obtaining Crystals
128
Separation of Salts by the process of Crystallization 74 Sudden CrystallizationNuclei
131
Circumstances which modify Crystalline Form
132
Change of Volume in the act of Solidification 77 Dissection of Crystalline Masses
135
Structure of CrystalsCleavage
136
Goniometers
137
The Reflecting Goniometer
138
Symmetry of Crystalline Form
139
Classification of Crystals
141
59
143
62
145
63
146
65
147
Isomorphism
149
Chemical Bearings of Isomorphism
150
PARAGRAPH
151
CHAPTER IV
157
89
158
92
162
93
163
Illustration of Undulations from Sound
164
96
166
100
167
Refraction
170
104
176
Wollastons Method of ascertaining Refractive Power
178
106
179
109
183
TABLE OF CONTENTS xix
186
PARAGRAPH
190
Spectrum AnalysisSpectroscope
193
Kirchhoffs Theory of Fraunhofers Lines
200
TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii
204
Change in the Refrangibility of LightFluorescence
214
FARAGRAPH
218
Measurement of the Magnetic Intensity of a
219
The
220
Declination or Variation
221
Variation in the Intensity of the Earths Magnetism II Static Electricity
222
Simple Facts connected with Electricity
223
Two Kinds of Electricity
224
Interference
226
Double Refraction
232
Effect of the Analyser in rotating the Plane of Polarization
238
Colours in Plates cut perpendicular to the Axis
246
Activity of the Conducting Wire
252
Magnetic Polarization
253
The Galvanometer
254
Summary of the Effects produced by the Conducting Wire
255
the Crown of Cups
256
Electric Disturbance produced by Contact
257
Deoxidizing Influence of Light on Metallic Compounds
260
127p DaguerreotypeProduction of Images on Metallic Plates
271
PARAGRAPH
276
General Effects of Heat
282
ExpansionMeasurement of Tempera
288
67
294
PyrometersDaniells Pyrometer
302
PAGE
309
Determination of the Density of Vapours
314
6972 69
337
Diathermancy of Gases and Vapours
338
Influence of Structure on Diathermancy
340
Refraction of Heat
341
Separation of Radiant Heat from Light
342
Double Refraction and Polarization of Heat 167a Repulsion caused by Radiation
345
Specific HeatLatent Heat 168 Specific Heat
346
Methods of Measuring Specific Heat
347
70
348
347
349
Variation in amount of Specific Heat according to Physical State
353
45a Viscosity of Fluids 46 Influence of Heat on Cohesion III AdhesionDiffusion of Liquids and Gases
354
Specific Heat of Gases and Vapours
355
120
356
Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight
357
125
359
ib 509
365
130
367
Molecular Heats of Compounds 174 Disappearance of Heat during LiquefactionLatent Heat 175 Freezing Mixtures
368
451
369
Regelation of
374
Evolution of Heat during Solidification 178 Disappearance of Heat during the formation of Vapour
375
Ebullition
378
Influence of Adhesion on the Boiling Point
379
Influence of Solids in Solution upon the Boiling Point 182 Influence of Pressure on the Boiling Point
381
Measurement of Heights by the Boiling Point
382
High Pressure Steam
384
Production of Cold by Vaporization
385
Measurement of the Latent Heat of Vapours
388
Latent and Sensible Heat of Steam
391
DistillationCoffeys Still
394
Evaporation
396
131
398
132
399
Limit of Evaporation
400
Dew Point
406
Pressure exerted by Condensed Gases
412
135
414
Spheroidal State produced by Heat
420
Quantities of Heat Evolved during Combustion
427
Mercurial Calorimeter of Favre and Silbermann
434
Heat Evolved during the Reaction of Acids and Bases
440
136
443
Leading Characters of Magnetic Action
446
PARAGRAPH
452
456505
456
Insulators and Conductors
458
Quadrant Electrometer
461
ElectroscopesCoulombsPeltiers ElectrometerThomsons 227 Electrical Hypotheses 458
462
Faradays Theory of Induction
466
Distribution of the Electric Charge 231 Electrical Machines
470
Extensive Operation of Induction
472
The Electrophorus 233a Holtzs Machine
474
Spread of Induction
475
The Leyden
478
Measures of Electricity
481
Specific Induction
484
Various Modes of Discharge 239 Conduction
485
Development of Heat
486
Disruptive Discharge
488
Velocity of Discharge
490
Striking Distance
492
Convection
494
Other Sources of ElectricityHeatFracture 246 Electricity from Chemical Action 247 Electricity of Vapour
498
Atmospheric ElectricityLightning Rods 249 Aurora Borealis
504
Galvanic or Voltaic Electricity 505611
505
Necessity of Chemical Action to produce Voltaic Action 259 Polarization and Transfer of the Elements of the Liquid
517
Energy of the Current proportionate to the Chemical Activity
520
Circuits with One Metal and Two Liquids
528
527
529
Groves Gas Battery 265 Daniells Battery
533
266
534
Groves Nitric Acid BatteryBunsens Coke Battery 267 Smees Battery
536
Resistances to the Voltaic Current
538
Differences between a Simple and a Compound Circuit
539
Ohms Theory
542
Chemical Decomposition
543
Wheatstones Rheostat and Resistance CoilsStandard of Resistance
547
Conductivity of Gases
564
Electric Light 281 Discharge by Convection Chemical Actions 282 Laws of Electrolysis 283 Relative Decomposability of Electrolytes 284 Electroche...
576
Electrolysis of Salts
578
Bearing of Electrolysis on the Theory of Salts
580
Unequal Transfer of Ions during Electrolysis
585
Secondary results of Electrolysis
590
Electrotype or Voltatype Processes
598
Electroplating
604
Water Battery
610
Laws of ElectroMagnetism
616
ElectroMagnetic Rotations
623
464
628
MagnetoElectricity
632
137
639
Henrys Coils
643
MagnetoElectric Machines
650
ThermoElectricity
656
Relations of Light and Magnetism
665
Mutual Relations of Different kinds of Energy
682
138
686
355
688
139
689
150
690
380
691
Adhesion
693
Cements 71
694
73127 73
695
467
696
481
697
383
699
ib 486 488 490 491 494
700
504
701
396
704
Galvanis Discovery 251 Simple Voltaic Circuits
707

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