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ing to the punishment due to their crimes the | ployed in its armies, without regard to distinction rebels and traitors arrayed against it.

2. That we approve the determination of the Government of the United States not to compromise with rebels, or to offer them any terms of peace, except such as may be based upon an unconditional surrender of their hostility and a return to their just allegiance to the Constitution and laws of the United States; and that we call upon the Government to maintain this position and to prosecute the war with the utmost possible vigor to the complete suppression of the rebellion, in full reliance upon the self-sacrificing patriotism, the heroic valor, and the undying devotion of the American people to the country and its free institutions.

3. That as slavery was the cause, and now constitutes the strength of this rebellion, and as it must be always and everywhere hostile to the principles of republican government, justice and the national safety demand its utter and complete extirpation from the soil of the republic; and that while we uphold and maintain the acts and proclamations by which the Government, in its own defence, has aimed a death-blow at this gigantic evil, we are in favor, furthermore, of such an amendment to the Constitution, to be made by the people in conformity with its provisions, as shall terminate and forever prohibit the existence of slavery within the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States.

4. That the thanks of the American people are due to the soldiers and sailors of the army and navy, who have perilled their lives in defence of their country and in vindication of the honor of its flag; that the nation owes to them some permanent recognition of their patriotism and their valor, and ample and permanent provision for those of their survivors who have received disabling and honorable wounds in the service of the country; and that the memories of those who have fallen in its defence shall be held in grateful and everlasting remembrance.

of color, the full protection of the laws of war; and that any violation of these laws, or of the usages of civilized nations in time of war by the rebels now in arms, should be made the subject of prompt and full redress.

8. That foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, development of resources and increase of power to the nationthe asylum of the oppressed of all nations-should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.

9. That we are in favor of the speedy construction of the railroad to the Pacific coast.

10. That the national faith, pledged for the redemption of the public debt, must be kept inviolate, and that for this purpose we recommend economy and rigid responsibility in the public expenditures, and a vigorous and just system of taxation; and that it is the duty of every loyal State to sustain the credit and promote the use of the national currency.

11. That we approve the position taken by the Government that the people of the United States can never regard with indifference the attempt of any European power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by fraud, the institutions of any republican government on the western continent; and that they will view with extreme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and independence of their own country, the efforts of any such power to obtain new footholds for monarchical governments, sustained by foreign military force, in near proximity to the United States.

Democratic, at Chicago, August.

Resolved, That in the future, as in the past, we will adhere with unswerving fidelity to the Union under the Constitution as the only solid foundation of our strength, security, and happiness as a people, and as a framework of government equally conducive to the welfare and prosperity of all the States, both northern and un-southern.

5. That we approve and applaud the practical wisdom, the unselfish patriotism, and the swerving fidelity to the Constitution and the prin- Resolved, That this convention does explicitly ciples of American liberty, with which Abraham declare, as the sense of the American people, that Lincoln has discharged, under circumstances of after four years of failure to restore the Union unparalleled difficulty, the great duties and res- by the experiment of war, during which, under ponsibilities of the presidential office; that we the pretence of a military necessity or warapprove and endorse, as demanded by the emer-power higher than the Constitution, the Constigency and essential to the preservation of the tution itself has been disregarded in every part, nation and as within the provisions of the Con- and public liberty and private right alike trodstitution, the measures and acts which he has den down, and the material prosperity of the adopted to defend the nation against its open country essentially impaired, justice, humanity, and secret foes; that we approve especially the liberty, and the public welfare demand that improclamation of emancipation and the employ-mediate efforts be made for a cessation of hosment as Union soldiers of men heretofore held in slavery; and that we have full confidence in his determination to carry these and all other constitutional measures essential to the salvation of the country into full and complete effect.

6. That we deem it essential to the general welfare that harmony should prevail in the national councils, and we regard as worthy of public confidence and official trust those only who cordially endorse the principles proclaimed in these resolutions, and which should characterize the administration of the Government.

tilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the States, or other peaceable means, to the end that, at the earliest practicable moment, peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal Union of the States.

Resolved, That the direct interference of the military authorities of the United States in the recent elections held in Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware was a shameful violation of the Constitution, and a repetition of such acts in the approaching election will be held as revolutionary, and resisted with all the means

7. That the Government owes to all men em- I and power under our control.

of the Union and the perpetuation of a Government deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed.

Resolved, That the shameful disregard of the Administration to its duty in respect to our fellow-citizens who now are and long have been prisoners of war in a suffering condition deserves the severest reprobation on the score alike of public policy and common humanity.

Resolved, That the aim and object of the Democratic party is to preserve the Federal Union and the rights of the States unimpaired, and they hereby declare that they consider that the administrative usurpation of extraordinary and dangerous powers not granted by the Constitution-the subversion of the civil by military law in States not in insurrection; the arbitrary military arrest, imprisonment, trial, and sentence of American citizens in States where civil law exists in full force; the suppression of freedom of speech and of the press; the denial of the right of asylum; the open and avowed disre-are and have been in the field and on the sea gard of State rights; the employment of unusual test-oaths; and the interference with and denial of the right of the people to bear arms in their defence is calculated to prevent a restoration

Resolved, That the sympathy of the Democratic party is heartily and earnestly extended to the soldiery of our army and sailors of our navy, who

under the flag of our country, and, in the event of its attaining power, they will receive all the care, protection, and regard that the brave soldiers and sailors of the republic so nobly earned.

XXXV.

NATIONAL PLATFORMS OF 1868,

THE LETTERS OF ACCEPTANCE OF CANDIDATES, AND SUNDRY PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTIONS,

Republican, at Chicago, May.* The National Republican party of the United States, assembled in National Convention in the city of Chicago, on the 21st day of May, 1866, make the following declaration of principles:

1. We congratulate the country on the assured success of the reconstruction policy of Congress, as evinced by the adoption, in the majority of the States lately in rebellion, of constitutions securing equal civil and political rights to all; and it is the duty of the Government to sustain those institutions and to prevent the people of such States from being remitted to a state of anarchy.

2. The guaranty by Congress of equal suffrage to all loyal men at the South was demanded by every consideration of public safety, of gratitude, and of justice, and must be maintained; while the question of suffrage in all the loyal States properly belongs to the people of those

States.

3. We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national crime; and the national honor requires the payment of the public indebtedness in the uttermost good faith to all creditors at home and abroad, not only according to the letter, but the spirit of the laws under which it was contracted.

4. It is due to the labor of the nation that taxation should be equalized, and reduced as rapidly as the national faith will permit.

5. The national debt, contracted as it has been for the preservation of the Union for all time to come, should be extended over a fair period for redemption; and it is the duty of Congress to reduce the rate of interest thereon, whenever it can be honestly done.

6. That the best policy to diminish our burden of debt is to so improve our credit that capitalists will seek to loan us money at lower rates of interest than we now pay, and must continue to pay so long as repudiation, partial or total, open or covert, is threatened or suspected.

7. The Government of the United States should be administered with the strictest economy; and the corruptions which have been so shamefully nursed and fostered by Andrew Johnson call loudly for radical reform.

Reported from the following committee on resolutions: Alabama D. C. Humphreys. Arkansas H. B. Morse. Colorado-G. M. Chilcott. Connecticut-J. M. Woodward. Delaware-C. S. Layton. Florida R. G. Roder. Georgia-R. H. McCoy. Illinois-Herman Raster. Indiana-Richard W. Thompson. Iowa-G. M. Dodge. Kansas-B. F. Simpson. Kentucky-Charles 8. We profoundly deplore the untimely and Eginton. Louisiana-William R. Fish. Maine-Eu- tragic death of Abraham Lincoln, and regret the gene Hall. Maryland- Massachusetts-F. W. Bird. accession to the Presidency of Andrew Johnson, Michigan-R. R. Beecher. Minnesota-R. M. McClel land. Mississippi-A. R. Howe. Missouri-Robert T. who has acted treacherously to the people who Van Horn. Nebraska-R. W. Furniss. Nevada-C. E. elected him and the cause he was pledged to De Long. New Hampshire-J. F. Briggs. New Jersey-support; who has usurped high legislative and John Davidson. New York-Charles Andrews. North Carolina-L.G. Estes. Ohio-J. C. Lee. Oregon H. R. judicial functions; who has refused to execute Kincaid, Pennsylvania-Samuel E. Dimmick. Rhode the laws; who has used his high office to induce Island-R. G. Hazard. South Carolina-B. O. Duncan. other officers to ignore and violate the laws; Tennessee-W. G. Elliott. Texas George W. Paschal, who has employed his executive powers to ren Vermont-W. H. Johnson. Virginia-L. Bill. West Virginia-R. S. Brown. Wisconsin-H. Rublee. der insecure the property, the peace, liberty and The thirteenth and fourteenth were added to the life, of the citizen; who has abused the pardoncommittee's resolutions on motion of General Carling power; who has denounced the national

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legislature as unconstitutional: who has per- | Grant to the confidence of the American people, sistently and corruptly resisted, by every means and believing that its victories under his guidance in his power, every proper attempt at the re-in war will be illustrated by him in peace by construction of the States lately in rebellion; such measures as shall secure the fruits of our who has perverted the public patronage into an exertions and the restoration of the Union upon engine of wholesale corruption; and who has a loyal basis, we declare it as our deliberate conbeen justly impeached for high crimes and mis-viction that he is the choice of the soldiers and demeanors, and properly pronounced guilty sailors of the Union for the office of President of thereof by the vote of thirty-five Senators. the United States.

9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European powers, that because a man is once a subject he is always so, must be resisted at every hazard by the United States, as a relic of feudal times, not authorized by the laws of nations, and at war with our national honor and inde pendence. Naturalized citizens are entitled to protection in all their rights of citizenship, as though they were native-born; and no citizen of the United States, native or naturalized, must be liable to arrest and imprisonment by any foreign power for acts done or words spoken in this country; and, if so arrested and imprisoned, it is the duty of the Government to interfere in his behalf.

10. Of all who were faithful in the trials of the late war, there were none entitled to more especial honor than the brave soldiers and seamen who endured the hardships of campaign and cruise, and imperilled their lives in the service of the country; the bounties and pensions provided by the laws for these brave defenders of the nation are obligations never to be forgotten; the widows and orphans of the gallant dead are the wards of the people-a sacred legacy bequeathed to the nation's protecting

care.

2. That in the maintenance of those principles which underlie our Government, and for which we fought during four years, we pledge our earnest and active support to the Republican party as the only political organization which, in our judgment, is true to the principles of loyalty and equality before the law.

3. That speaking for ourselves and the soldiers and sailors who imperilled their lives to preserve the Union, we believe that the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the House of Representatives, for high crimes and misdemeanors in office, and his trial before the United States Senate, have presented unmistakable proofs of his guilt, and that whatever may be the judgment of the tribunal before which he is arraigned, the verdict of guilty has been rendered by the people, and we regard any Senator who has voted for acquittal as falling short of the proper discharge of his duty in this hour of the nation's trial, and as unworthy of the confidence of a brave and loyal people.

4. That the soldiers and sailors recognize no difference between native and adopted citizens, and they demand that the Government shall protect naturalized citizens abroad as well as those of native birth.

LICAN NOMINEES.

11. Foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, development, LETTERS OF ACCEPTANCE OF THE REPUBand resources, and increase of power to this republic, the asylum of the oppressed of all na tions, should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.

12. This convention declares itself in sympathy with all oppressed peoples struggling for their rights.

General Grant's Letter.

General JOSEPH R. HAWLEY,
WASHINGTON, D. C., May 29, 1868.

President Nat. Union Republican Convention: 13. That we highly commend the spirit of In formally accepting the nomination of the magnanimity and forbearance with which men National Union Republican Convention of the who have served in the rebellion, but who now 21st of May instant, it seems proper that some frankly and honestly cooperate with us in re-statement of views beyond the mere acceptance storing the peace of the country and reconstruct- of the nomination should be expressed. ing the southern State governments upon the basis of impartial justice and equal rights, are received back into the communion of the loyal people; and we favor the removal of the disqualifications and restrictions imposed upon the late rebels in the same measure as the spirit of disloyalty will die out, and as may be consistent with the safety of the loyal people.

14. That we recognize the great principles laid down in the immortal Declaration of Independence, as the true foundation of democratic government; and we hail with gladness every effort toward making these principles a living reality on every inch of American soil.

Soldiers and Sailors' National Convention, at
Chicago, May.

1. Resolved, That the soldiers and sailors, steadfast now as ever to the Union and the flag, and fully-recognizing the claims of General Ulysses S.

The proceedings of the convention were marked with wisdom, moderation, and patriotism, and I believe express the feelings of the great mass of those who sustained the country through its recent trials. I endorse their resolutions. If elected to the office of President of the United States, it will be my endeavor to administer all the laws in good faith, with economy, and with the view of giving peace, quiet, and protection everywhere. In times like the present it is impossible, or at least eminently improper, to lay down a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong, through an administration of four years. New political issues, not foreseen, are constantly arising; the views of the public on old ones are tive officer should always be left free to execute constantly changing, and a purely administra the will of the people. I always have respected that will and always shall.

Peace and universal prosperity, its sequence, with economy of administration, will lighten the

burden of taxation, while it constantly reduces | living brethren in the enjoyment of that nationthe national debt. Let us have peace. With great respect, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT.

Mr. Colfax's Letter.
WASHINGTON, May 30, 1868.

Hon. J. R. HAWLEY,

President Nat. Union Republican Convention. DEAR SIR: The platform adopted by the patriotic convention over which you presided, and the resolutions which so happily supplement it, so entirely agree with my views as to a just national policy, that my thanks are due to the delegates, as much for this clear and auspicious declaration of principles as for the nomination with which I have been honored, and which I gratefully accept.

When a great rebellion, which imperilled the national existence, was at last overthrown, the duty of all others devolving on those intrusted with the responsibilities of legislation evidently was to require that the revolted States should be readmitted to participation in the Government against which they had warred only on such a basis as to increase and fortify, not to weaken or endanger, the strength of the nation.

Certainly no one ought to have claimed that they should be readmitted under such rules that their organization as States could ever again be used, as at the opening of the war, to defy the national authority, or to destroy the national unity. This principle has been the pole-star of those who have inflexibly insisted on the congressional policy your convention so cordially endorsed. Baffled by executive opposition, and by persistent refusals to accept any plan of reconstruction proffered by Congress, justice and public safety at last combined to teach us that only by an enlargement of suffrage in those States could the desired end be attained, and that it was even more safe to give the ballot to those who loved the Union than to those who had sought ineffectually to destroy it. The assured success of this legislation is being written on the adamant of history, and will be our triumphant vindication. More clearly, too, than ever before does the nation now recognize that the greatest glory of a republic is, that it throws the shield of its protection over the humblest and the weakest of its people, and vindicates the rights of the poor and the powerless as faithfully as those of the rich and the powerful.

ality, for which, side by side with the nativeborn, our soldiers of foreign birth laid down their lives.

It was fitting, too, that the representatives of a party which had proved so true to national duty in time of war should speak so clearly in time of peace for the maintenance untarnished faith as regards its debt, the cost of our national of national honor, national credit, and good

existence.

comment on a platform which has elicited such I do not need to extend this reply by further hearty approval throughout the land. The debt of gratitude it acknowledges to the brave men who saved the Union from destruction-the frank approval of amnesty based on repentance and loyalty the demand for the most thorough economy and honesty in the Government-the sympathy of the party of liberty with all throughout the world who long for the liberty we here enjoy-and the recognition of the sublime principles of the Declaration of Independence, are worthy of the organization on whose banners they are to be written in the coming

contest.

Its past record cannot be blotted out or forgotten. If there had been no Republican party, slavery would to-day cast its baleful shadow over the republic. If there had been no Repubbe as unknown from the Potomac to the Rio lican party, a free press and free speech would Grande. as ten years ago. If the Republican party could have been stricken from existence when the banner of rebellion was unfurled, and when the response of " no coercion" was heard at the North, we would have had no nation today. But for the Republican party daring to risk the odium of tax and draft laws, our flag could not have been kept flying on the field till the long-looked-for victory came. Without a Republican party, the civil rights bill, the guar antee of equality under the law to the humble and the defenceless as well as to the strong, would not be to-day upon our national statute-book.

With such inspirations from the past, and following the example of the founders of the republic, who called the victorious general of the Revolution to preside over the land his triumphs had saved from its enemies, I cannot doubt that our labors will be crowned with suc

cess. And it will be a success that will bring restored hope, confidence, prosperity and progress, South as well as North, West as well as East, and above all, the blessings under Providence of national concord and peace.

Very truly, yours, SCHUYLER COLFAX.

I rejoice, too, in this convention, to find in your platform the frank and fearless avowal that the naturalized citizens must be protected abroad, "at every hazard, as though they were native-born." Our whole people are foreigners or descendants of foreigners. Our fathers established by arms their right to be called a nation. The nomination of General Grant was made on It remains for us to establish the right to welthe first ballot. That of Mr. Colfax occurred on come to our shores all who are willing by oaths the fifth ballot, as follows; of allegiance to become American citizens. Perpetual allegiance, as claimed abroad, is only Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana. 115 Benj. F. Wade, of Ohio........ 147 170 another name for perpetual bondage, and would Reuben E. Fenton, of N. Y. 126 make all slaves to the soil where first they saw Henry Wilson, of Mass...... 119 the light. Our national cemeteries prove how Andrew G. Curtin, of Pa..... 51 Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine. 28 faithfully these oaths of fidelity to their adopted James Speed, of Kentucky. 22 land have been sealed in the life blood of thous- James Harlan, of Iowa....... ands upon thousands. Should we not then be John A. J. Creswell, of Md.... 14 faithless to the dead if we did not protect their Samuel C. Pomeroy, of Kas.. William D. Kelley, of Pa......

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Democratic, at New York, July.* upon foreign imports, and such equal taxation The Democratic Party, in National Convention under the Internal Revenue laws as will afford assembled, reposing its trust in the intelligence, incidental protection to domestic manufactures, patriotism, and discriminating justice of the peo- and as will, without impairing the revenue, imple, standing upon the Constitution as the foun- pose the least burden upon and best promote dation and limitation of the powers of the Gov-and encourage the great industrial interests of ernment, and the guarantee of the liberties of the country. the citizen, and recognizing the questions of slavery and secession as having been settled, for all time to come, by the war or the voluntary action of the Southern States in constitutional conventions assembled, and never to be renewed or reagitated, do with the return of peace, demand:

First-Immediate restoration of all the States to their rights in the Union under the Constitution, and of civil government to the American people.

Second Amnesty for all past political offences, and the regulation of the elective franchise in the States by their citizens.

Third-Payment of the public debt of the United States as rapidly as practicable; all moneys drawn from the people by taxation, except so much as is requisite for the necessities of the Government, economically administered, being honestly applied to such payment, and where the obligations of the Government do not expressly state upon their face, or the law under which they were issued does not provide that they shall be paid in coin, they ought, in right and in justice, to be paid in the lawful money of the United States.

Seventh-Reform of abuses in the administration, the expulsion of corrupt men from office, the abrogation of useless offices, the restoration of rightful authority to, and the independence of, the executive and judicial departments of the Government, the subordination of the military to the civil power, to the end that the usurpations of Congress and the despotism of the sword may cease.

Eighth-Equal rights and protection for naturalized and native-born citizens at home and abroad, the assertion of American nationality which shall command the respect of foreign powers, and furnish an example and encouragement to people struggling for national integrity, constitutional liberty, and individual rights and the maintenance of the rights of naturalized citizens against the absolute doctrine of immutable allegiance, and the claims of foreign powers to punish them for alleged crime committed beyond their jurisdiction.

In demanding these measures and reforms, we arraign the Radical party for its disregard of right, and the unparalleled oppression and tyranny which have marked its career.

After the most solemn and unanimous pledge of both Houses of Congress to prosecute the war exclusively for the maintenance of the Government and the preservation of the Union under the Constitution, it has repeatedly violated that most sacred pledge under which alone was rallied

Fourth-Equal taxation of every species of property according to its real value, including Government bonds and other public securities. Fifth-One currency for the Government and the people, the laborer and the office-holder, the pensioner and the soldier, the producer and the|that noble volunteer army which carried our bondholder.

Sixth-Economy in the administration of the Government; the reduction of the standing army and navy; the abolition of the Freedmen's Bureau and all political instrumentalities designed to secure negro supremacy; simplification of the system, and discontinuance of inquisitorial modes of assessing and collecting Internal Revenue, so that the burden of taxation may be equalized and lessened; the credit of the Government and the currency made good; the repeal of all enactments for enrolling the State militia into national forces in time of peace; and a tariff for revenue

flag to victory. Instead of restoring the Union it has, so far as in its power, dissolved it, and subjected ten States, in time of profound peace, to military despotism and negro supremacy. It has nullified there the right of trial by jury; it has abolished the habeas corpus, that most sacred writ of liberty; it has overthrown the freedom of speech and the press; it has substituted arbitrary seizures and arrests, and military trials and secret star-chamber inquisitions for the constitutional tribunals; it has disregarded in time of peace the right of the people to be free from searches and seizures; it has entered the post and telegraph offices, and even the private rooms *Unanimously reported from this Committee on of individuals, and seized their private papers and Resolutions: Alabama-Charles C. Langdon. Arkansas-A. H. Garland. California-A. H. Rose. Connecti- letters without any specific charge or notice of cut-Tilton E. Doolittle. Delaware-James A. Bayard. affidavit, as required by the organic law; it Florida-Wilkerson Call. Georgia-Henry S. Fitch. has converted the American Capitol into a basIllinois-Wiliam J. Allen. Indiana-Joseph E. McDonald. Iowa-John H. O'Neil. Kansas-George W. tile; it has established a system of spies and Glick. Kentucky-William Preston. Louisiana-James official espionage to which no constitutional B. Eustis. Maine-Richard D. Rice. Maryland monarchy of Europe would now dare to resort; Stevenson Archer. Massachusetts-Edward Avery. Michigan-Charles E. Stuart. Minnesota-James J. it has abolished the right of appeal on imporGreen. Mississippi-Ethelbert Barksdale. Missouri- tant constitutional questions to the supreme Charles Mansur. Nebraska-Charles F. Porter. Nevada-J. A. St. Clair. New Hampshire-J. M. Campbell. judicial tribunals, and threatens to curtail or New Jersey-Jacob R. Wortendyke. New York-Henry destroy its original jurisdiction, which is irrevoC. Murphy. North Carolina-Robert Strange. Ohio-cably vested by the Constitution, while the William G. Gilmore. Oregon-R. D. Fitch, Pennsyl- learned Chief Justice has been subjected to the vania-Franklin W. Hughes. Rhode Island-Thomas

Steere. South Carolina-Wade Hampton. Tennessee- most atrocious calumnies, merely because he Edmund Cooper. Texas-George W. Smith. Ver- would not prostitute his high office to the supmont-Charles N. Davenport. Virginia-Thomas S. Bocock. West Virginia-John Davis. Wisconsin-James port of the false and partisan charges preferred against the President. Its corruption and ex

A. Mallory

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