the pomp of the armed array of the Indian allies, who arrived previous to Crook's famous Battle of the Rosebud, which preceded, almost immediately, the world-renowned Custer Massacre of June 25, 1876; the exciting buffalo hunt participated in by the Crow and Shoshone tribes of Indian on both flanks of Crook's column, as it moved against the cohorts of Sitting Bull; the battle itself, with all its movements and fluctuations, and the scenes and incidents in the field and on the march; the retreat to the base of supplies, and the subsequent exploration of the beauteous Big Horn Mountain region; the romantic and terrible Sibley Scout, one of the most exciting incidents of all our Indian wars; Custer's bold attack on an Indian village four miles long, and his death, with all of his immediate command, on the bluffs of the Little Big Horn; Merritt's able movement and brilliant fight upon War Bonnet .Creek; the juncture of the forces under Crook and Terry, with the awful cross march to the Yellowstone and the Little Missouri; the picturesque fighting at Slim Buttes, and the subsequent march to the Black Hills;

Mackenzie's battle with Dull Knife, and his victory, and the surrender of Crazy Horse; the treachery and tragical death of that renowed chief. We then follow the fortunes of General Miles, through the campaigns that have made him famous as an Indian fighter; his battle with and victory over Lame Deer and other chiefs; his bloody battle with Chief Joseph and the Nez Perces at Bear's Paw Mountain, while the brave and enterprising savages were en route to join the Sioux; and the surrender of Chief Joseph with all his tribe ; Miles' final campaign against Sitting Bull, which brought him to the British Line, and which, after a brilliant fight on Milk River, put an end forever to the long-held power of the great Sioux chief. These exciting episodes are followed by several chapters upon special themes, among which may be found sketches of Custer and Crook, and events having a bearing upon the general theme discussed. The book is illustrated, and upon the whole is one of the best of all the books written upon the Indian troubles of modern days.

Vol. XII.

No. 4.

IN nothing is the material and social developement of our country 'more aptly illustrated, than in the improvement in travel and transportation. As we behold the rushing railroad train, with its palace and drawing-room coaches; as we gaze upon the magnificent ocean steamers that plow the "briny deep," or the beautiful floating palaces upon our American rivers, finished with all the luxuries and conveniences that modern civilization has discovered or invented, we are almost startled at the grand march of progress. A hundred years ago the people were dependent upon the pack-horse, the patient, plodding ox-team, the old-fashioned wain or "prairie-schooner," the keelboat, barge, pirogue, etc., to remove their goods from one part of the country to another. If they had occasion to travel, it was on foot or horseback, or in these primitive land vehicles or equally primitive water craft. Both were perilous in the extreme. The forest trails were beset by dangers of many kinds. Wild beasts and savage men lurked in every

thicket and behind almost every tree; while the frail vessels that floated down the rivers were exposed to wreck, and to attack from the Indians in ambush along the shore. Dearly, very dearly, many of the emigrant boats on the western rivers paid for their attempts to navigate them without sufficient armament to defend them against attack.

There were two routes of travel from the old settled country along the Atlantic seaboard to the wilderness country west of the Alleghenies, viz: across the mountanious region by way of Cumberland Gap; the other by boat down the Ohio river. For a score or two of years after Daniel Boone crossed the mountains to explore the "unknown country," all who emigrated to the West had no other mode of transportation. As we contrast the rapid and luxurious mode of travel of to-day, with a train of pack-horses crossing the mountains over the "Wilderness Road" from Philadelphia or Baltimore to Lexington, Ky., then the metropolis of the West, or a keel-boat