Ships building, ships authorized and appropriated for, ships authorized but not appropriated for-Continued

It is believed that in all foreign countries the authorization of a building program extending over a period of years is invariably supported by the neces sary appropriations from year to year.

Ships building; ships authorized and appropriated for to be completed by 1931

In addition to the above the Japanese administration has fixed upon the following five-year "replacement" building program. This involves the expenditure of 261,000,000 yen, which is a compromise from the original figure of 325,000,000 yen. This program has not as yet been formally authorized by the Diet, which is to meet December 24, 1926. There is every reason to believe that authorization will be forthcoming shortly after the Diet meets.

Light cruisers, first line, 5 to 8 inch guns; 8,000 to 10,000 tons; 27 knots plus— built, building, or authorized and appropriated for

Light cruisers, first line, 5 to 8 inch guns; 3,000 to 10,000 tons; 27 knots plusbuilt, building, or authorized and appropriated for-Continued

Light cruisers, first line and second line, completed since January 1, 1915, plus those now building, plus those now authorized and appropriated for, are as follows:

Assuming no changes and that all cruisers building and cruisers authorized and appropriated for are completed by December 31, 1929, the foregoing figures show the relative cruiser strengths at that time exclusive of those over 15 years of age from date of completion.

Light cruisers, second line, 8-inch guns minus; 3,000-8,000 tons; 27 knots minus

JAPAN-REPLACEMENT BUILDING PROGRAM

In addition to the above the Japanese administration has fixed upon the following five-year "replacement" building program. This involves the expenditure of 261,000,000 yen, which is a compromise from the original figure of 325,000,000 yen. This program has not as yet been formally authorized by the Diet which is to meet December 24, 1926. There is every reason to believe that authoriza tion will be forthcoming shortly after the Diet meets. Included in the "replacement program" are four cruisers of 10,000 tons each. Table showing comparative personnel strengths

[Information as of October 1, 1926. Japanese information as of July 1, 1926]

1 Regarding Dominion navies and India, the figures relate to the following dates: Dominion ratings: Active service and reserves. Royal Navy ratings: Reserves. Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Mar. 31, 1926. South Africa, Aug. 31, 1926. India, as per R. I. M. estimates, 1926-27. 216,041 recruits were enlisted in United States Navy; 6,862 recruits were enlisted in British Navy. Year ending Sept. 30, 1926.

British figures exclude those attached to harbor ships at home and abroad and are as of June 15, Japanese figures are estimated.

Does not include 188 cadets undergoing training in battleships and battle cruisers. Does include naval constructors and 75 civil engineers. Naval constructors and civil engineers do not hold commissi in the British Navy, but perform duties similar to those of naval constructors and civil engineers, U Navy. Estimated. The Royal Air Force supplies a large proportion of personnel for naval aviation. The strictly naval personnel in naval aviation consists of approximately 150 officers and 420 enlisted men v are not included in item 7, but are included under item 1. Six hundred and seventy-seven officer. 3,798 men are employed in United States naval aviation, exclusive of those for general service in ai carriers, tenders, etc. The figures shown for the Royal Air Force in item 7 are those attached to the co area headquarters for aircraft carriers, for flights abroad, etc. On August 31, 1926, the total strength Royal Air Force was 3,447 officers, including 103 cadets, 28,560 airmen, and 9,804 civilians and native these totals, 2,453 officers, including 103 cadets, 20,809 airmen, and 3,801 civilians, were in home st such as air ministry, training stations, supply depots, manufacturing plants, etc., the duty per being for both that portion of the air force detailed to fleet air arm and that portion serving in coop with the army and as a separate air force, a portion of this personnel should be considered in making parison.

The total figure 4,154 was estimated to be comprised of 528 officers and 3,626 men, all of whom a under British naval appropriations. In the United States and other navies similar duties are per by regular officers and enlisted personnel, except that an average of 100 civilians are employed un U. S. Navy Department for yard craft, ferry service, barges, and lighters.

7 Figures as of July 1, 1926. There were 675 officers and 6,100 men in Japanese naval aviation on

1926.

French total includes 218 officers and 3,650 men in naval aviation.

NOTE. The number of midshipmen under training is as follows: United States, 1,695; British H 807 (includes 737 cadets and 70 engineering midshipmen); Japan, 774 (as of Oct. 1, 1925).

Assignment of officers and men of regular United States Naval Establishment to United States naval vessels which correspond to those vessels of the British Naval Establishment manned by civilians

Percentage of sea transportation of fuel, stores, etc., for United States naval use which is done in (a) Government-owned vessels and (b) commercial vessels: Oil fuel, 92 per cent in Government-owned vessels, 8 per cent in commercial oilers; coal, 100 per cent in commercial vessels; stores, 33% per cent in Government-owned vessels, 66% per cent in commercial vessels.

United States naval expenditures for freight, fiscal year 1926, covering shipments after original delivery to the Government were $1,090,000. Corresponding appropriations under the British naval estimates for 1926 are $1,020,000.

Allocation civilians on mercantile or yard craft agreement for British Navy

Percentage of sea transportation of fuel, tores, etc., for naval use which is done in merchant vessels or auxiliaries with mercantile marine crews: Oil fuel, 100 per cent in Government-owned auxiliaries with mercantile marine crews, nil in commercial tankers; coal, 100 per cent in commercial vessels; stores, 20 per cent in Government-owned auxiliaries with mercantile marine crews, 42 per cent in other Government-owned auxiliaries with yard-craft crews, 38 per cent in commercial vessels.

ficer

in al

he

gth

st

Extensions of enlistments

tember 30, 1926, shows

48, 897

20, 015

7,838 4, 650

1, 510

OTE.-The handicap which a short period of enlistment places upon a navy vuld be recognized in connection with this general comparison of personnel. The short period of enlistment in the United States Navy with its accompanyheavy turnover in men necessitates large items in cost and personnel to handle Otters of recruiting, training, and transportation. As illustrating this point, e United States Navy has need of more than 800 enlisted men in the recruiting Dvice. Great Britain with a relative small yearly turnover in personnel needs 29. Different economic conditions in the two countries also bear upon the bject. Great Britain benefits by the longer periods of enlistments in reduced onerating costs. Seasoned personnel in long enlistments require less steaming d gunnery exercises, less instruction at shore establishments and aboard ship, maintain the same relative efficiency with a personnel in short periods of istments.

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