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390 ADDRESS to the GAME ASSOCIATORS. Aug.

That we are in the utmost danger of
lofing our country is apparent to all men
who are not bereaved of every grain of
understanding. For fuch formidable pre-
parations to invade this ifland were never
made before by fo near and fo potent an
enemy Neither did fo many unhappy
circumftances ever before concur to our A
deftruction: The French have no other
enemy than us to deal with, or to em-
ploy their numerous forces against: We
have no friend or ally in the world to af-
fift or fuccour us. On the contrary feve-
ral powers of Europe, particularly the
Danes and Swedes, under the fpecious
pretence of protecting their trade, have
combined to affift our enemies, and diftrefs B

us. It is likewise said, that our most cor-
dial and faithful friends the Dutch are a-
bout to do the like. Add to this, that
the Spaniards have equipped a strong
fquadron of ships, and for what purpose
is too apparent to admit of the leaft
doubt. In this most dangerous condition,
who but would fuppofe, if they did not C
know the contrary, that the whole nati-
on was armed? So far from it, that you
gentlemen gamekeepers have, in your
great wifdom, been the means that thofe
who might be rendered the most useful
to defend their country, are, for the fake
of preferving the game, entirely difarmed.

But this is not the only inftance you
have given of your confummate wisdom;
for undoubtedly you, or fome of your
wife fociety, have had the management
of PA-s.

When it was determined to break with
France, by making prize of their hips,
why did we only provoke, and not dif.
able our enemies? This latter might have
been done, in a good degree at least, by E
beginning with them, two months fooner,
and confequently intercepting feveral hun-
dred of their homeward bound ships,
which by our losing so much time, escaped
us. And why, as foon as ever a rupture
became inevitable, was not a fquadron
fent to the Mediterranean, strong enough
effectually to prevent any attempt against p
Minorca? And when a few fhips, too
few by half, were fent to relieve that im-
portant place, why were they put under
the command of one who had never been
in any action, nor given a fingle proof of
his capacity for fuch a fervice, or indeed
for any fervice? Certainly no reason can
be given, unless he was one of your focie-
ty. If you had wanted fome partridges G
or pheasants to treat your friends with,
would you have fent a fellow to kill them
who had never fired a gun in his life?
No, no, you would certainly have em-
ployed one of your best shot in fò ardu.
us an affair.

But Minorca is loft! moft ignomini ously lost! Muft not all Europe defpife us for our, conduct? And let me tell you, gentlemen, when a nation is once defpifed, it is foon trampled upon. Will not France be greatly elated by this fuccefs of their first attempt in these parts of the world, fince the prefent quarrel, and think it an earnest of fucceeding in a much more important conquest? This conqueft which they meditate, in no less than that of thefe kingdoms: And what should hinder then from carrying their point? Our only hopes are in the fquadron before Breft, and in our army. This fquadron is continually growing weaker and weaker by the foulness of the hips, and their want of repair; and much more ftill by the fickness among the feamen, which greatly prevails at this time; whilft that of the French is increafing in ftrength, by an addition to the number both of hips and feamen. May we not every day expect to hear that the enemy's fleet of clean well fitted thips, in excellent order, and fully manned with healthy feamen, is come out to fight one already half dif abled? And what will be the confequence of a defeat, if that fhould happen to us, is easy to forefee. We shall then lie open to an invafion, for which purpose the French will undoubtedly collect all the fhips and vefiels in their ports of the ocean and the channel, and very probably hire of the Dutch, or oblige them to furnish what more they have occafion for.

By this means they may pour in upon us at many and distant pisces, fuch numbers of troops as it will be impoffible for our army, divided as it must then be into many fmall corps, to make head against. Thus this nation, which has fo long enjoyed peace and plenty, and rioted in luxury and wantonnefs, will become a fcene, a dreadful scene of war, of blood, and of flaughter, and very probably be deftroyed, or enflaved!

The French king has promised his fubjects ample revenge for the loffes they have fustained by what they call the pi ratical depredations we have committed upen them; and his declarations breath a fpirit of revenge. The people of France, by what they have fuffered in their trade, and by the artful management of their fuperiors, are taught to look upon us as a nation of pirates, as enemies to man-' kind, who ought to be extirpated from the face of the earth.

Big with the most implacable refentments, and animated by the hopes of being recompenfed and rewarded with the pillage of this wealthy country, thefe fons of violence are now waiting an opportunity

3

1756.

ACCOUNT of AMERICA.

portunity at once to gratify their avarice, their ambition, and their revenge.

One method, and only one, would certainly and effectually have enabled us to baffle thefe attempts, and disappoint the fanguine hopes of the devourer. That method you, or fome of you, for reasons. known only to yourselves, have rendered A

abortive.

What think you, gentlemen, not only of the lofs of the game, but to be ferious, as the fubject most certainly requires we should be, of losing, not only your. places, your penfions, your honours, and dignities, but your estates, and all that is valuable in the world? Affure yourselves, that thofe who have moft to lofe will be B the most certain, as well as the greatest fufferers. A tempeft may fpare the low and humble fhrubs, altho' the tall and proud cedars are torn up by the roots. Indeed, if those who have expofed the unarmed nation to become, perhaps, an easy prey to its greedy and inveterate enemy, were to be the only fufferers, C they would receive no more than the

391

The invaders will either keep them for their own ufe if they find that practicable, or otherwife do all the mifchief they can to the former, and lay the latter level with the ground.

We may expect to fee all the great and wealthy towns and cities in this kingdom, and particularly this capital, firft pillaged, and then laid in afhes. We may expect to see our wives and daughters dishonoured before our eyes, and multitudes of both fexes given up to the devouring fword. And as for those who escape the dreadful carnage, they must become flaves to the imperious conqueror, who will fubjugate this nation to his tyrannical dominion. And be it remembered, that if this nation fhould be thus conquered and ruined, it will be for want of arming the people in time, and raifing fuch a numerous, well difciplined militia, as this country is able, ready, and willing to furnish. (See p. 229, 273.)

Account of the BRITISH PLANTATIONS in AMERICA, continued from p. 331. HE coafts of Nova-Scotia, as well

as

juft reward of their doings, and hardly the reft of the continent of Amedeferve to be pitied: But when a whole nation, the most remarkable in Europe for wealth, trade, manufactures, arts, fciences, and liberty (how pleased should I be to add, for wifdom and virtue!) When fuch a nation is in the utmoft dan

ger of total deftruction, is it poffible that the great can be fo involved in party difputes, fo ftupified by luxury and indolence, or fo captivated by mean and fordid views, as not to exert themfelves to the utmost, and use all practicable and probable methods for its prefervation.

Is this a time for fome of you to think E of little elfe than fcraping up wealth for yourselves, and procuring places, pensions, and preferments for your relations and dependants? And for others to pass the nights in gaming, and the days in feafting and rioting, and the most fupine indolence.

Rouze then in time from your fleep, left it prove a fleep of death; truft not to the precarious defence of your ships, nor to the too weak protection of your army, but arm the nation for the nation's fafety.

rica, were first difcovered by the Cabots in the reign of Henry VII. * from whence we have always infifted upon having the only right to that country; but no fettlement was attempted to be made in any Dpart of it until the year 1621, when king James I. made a grant of it to Sir William Alexander, afterwards earl of Stirling, then fecretary of ftate for the. affairs of Scotland, by whom it was called Nova-Scotia. However, we had before vindicated our right to the country in 1614, by driving the French out of it in the time of full peace between the two nations; and in the year 1622, a ship was fent out by Sir William, and those concerned with him, with fome people, and all neceffaries for making a fettlement. These people actually landed near Cape Sable, but whether they made any fettlement, or how long they continued there, is not mentioned in history: Only Fit is certain, that fome of our people were fettled in that country in the year 1631, as well as at Quebec and Cape-Breton, which in the preceding war had been taken from France; for in the treaty between king Charles I. and Lewis XIII. concluded March 29, 1632, by which Nova-Scotia, called by the French Acadia, was given up, and Canada restored to France, it is ftipulated, that our ambaffador fhould deliver to the commiffioners of the most chriflian king, the power which he had received from his majefty of Great-Britain, for the reftitu

If this be not immediately done, what can you expect but to fee an incensed and enraged enemy landed on your coafts, and driving the poor unarmed, naked, G and defencelefs inhabitants before them; fetting fire to the towns and villages, and carrying terror and deftru&tion wherever they go? What then will become of your fine efiates, and magnificent houses?

See our Lond. Mag. for laft year, p. 307.

† See ditto, p. 435

tion

392

HISTORY of NOVA SCOTIA.

tion of the faid places, together with the orders of his faid majefty to fuch as commanded in Port royal (now Annapolis) Port Quebec, and Cape-Breton, to give up the faid places and forts, and deliver them into the hands of those whom it should pleafe his moft chriftian majesty to ap point, in eight days after the notification of the faid orders; and that to them, and to all who lived in the faid places, there should be granted the space of three weeks after the expiration of the faid eight days, for entering into their fhips, with every thing belonging to them, in order to depart thence into England.

A

Aug.

treaty of Utrecht, when it was expressly yielded up to Great-Britain by an article in that treaty; and by another article in the fame treaty it was agreed, that fuch of the French as were willing to remain there, and be fubject to the kingdom of Great Britain, fhould enjoy the free exercife of their religion, according to the ufage of the church of Rome, as far as the laws of Great-Britain did allow the fame.

This laft article our minifters probably agreed to, becaufe they knew, that the laws of Great-Btitain did not allow the fame, and confequently that the laws a gainst popish recufants might be put in execution in that country whenever they Bthought fit, and the French inhabitants thereby obliged to leave the country, or to declare themfelves proteftants, or at leaft that their children might be taken and educated in the proteftant religion, which was the only method by which their allegiance to the British crown could be fecured; but no such method was ever taken, nor any means used for converting them, fo that they not only continued to multiply and increafe, but remained bigotted papifts, and confequently firmly attached to the intereft of France.

- From this time the French continued in poffeffion of all that country we had called Nova Scotia, and they Acadia, until the year 1654, when major Sedgwick was fent with a proper force by Cromwell, who retook Port-Royal, and drove the French quite out of Nova Scotia ; and as the French court were then courting an alliance with Cromwell against Spain, and terribly afraid of his joining with Spain against them, they did not much infift upon the reftitution of this country in the treaty of peace and alli ance which was next year concluded between them, and to which France owes the foundation of its prefent grandeur and formidable power. Thus the country was restored to our poffeffion, and continued fo till the year 1667, when king Charles II. being engaged in a war a- D gainst Holland and France, and not fufficiently fupported by his parliament for Carrying on a war against two fuch formidable nival powers, was glad to agree to the treaty of peace at Breda, by which Port Royal and Nova-Scotia was again given up to France, in whofe poffeffion it remained till the year 1690, when it was retaken by Sir William Phips and our brave countrymen of New England, as before mentioned, who kept poffeffion of it till 1696, when it was a third time given up to France by the treaty of Ryf wick; and tho' the war with France was renewed in 1702, yet we were fo bufily employed in making conquefts for our allies, that no attempt was made to reconquer Nova Scotia till 1710, when at the often repeated follicitation of the people of New England, who had greatly foffered by the near neighbourhood of the French in Nova-Scotia, a small squadron with fome land forces on board was fent under the command of col. Nicholson, G by whom Port-Royal fort was eafily taken, and the name of Annapolis given to it, and the whole country was again reduced under fubjection to the British Grown, in which it continued until the

E

F

See Lond. Mag, før March lafi, p. 138.

However, to fecure their obedience, as well as the poffeffion we had got by conqueft, and the abfolute right we had now got by treaty, it was refolved to be at the expence of keeping always a regiment in this country, the greatest part of which w's always pofted in garrifon at Annapolis, and the reft at a little fort at Canfe, which lies moft convenient for the fishing, and is on that account of great importance. But no civil government was ever established, nor any method taken for inducing any of our own people to go and fettle in that country, until after the end of the laft war; fo that tho' the country belonged to Britain, the inhabitants ftill continued to belong to France, for oaths of allegiance fignify nothing when not accompanied with the affection of those that fwear them. Of this we had un

doubted experience foon after the war

broke out between France and us in the year 1744. for many of thefe French inhabitants joined openly with our enemies, and all of them gave them as much underhand affistance as they could. By this a fmall detachment of French troops from Cape-Breton were enabled to reduce our little fort at Cinfo t, and the Indians were encouraged and enabled to attack the caftern frontier of New-England, before any war was declared in that part of the world. And in June an attempt was made upon Annapolis itself, which would

+ See ditto for 1744, P. 410.

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1756. LETTER from the SAILORS.

would have been in great danger, if a reInforcement of troops had not feasonably arrived from New-England.

As the French garrison at Louisbourg in Cape-Breton, and their countrymen in Nova-Scotia, were thus a continual plague to New England, a fcheme was there formed for the conqueft of Cape Breton, A but kept private until after the beginning of the following year, when the governor of Maffachufet's colony iffued a proclamation for railing troops, and fuch expeditiOn was used, that on the twenty-fourth of March 3250 men from this colony alone embarked, and arrived the fourth of April at Canfo, the place of rendezvous, where they were joined by 304 men from New Hampshire, and on the twenty-fifth B by 516 men from Connecticut; but as the bays and creeks of Cape-Breton were ftill full of ice, they did not fet fail for the inland of Cape-Breton till the twentyninth: Next day they landed with little oppofition, and May the third they began the fiege of the ftrong fortrefs of Louifbourg, the harbour of which was in the mean time blocked up by fome of his majefty's thips of war under the command of commodore, afterwards admiral Warren.

This fiege was pushed on with fuch vigour, notwithstanding the many diffi-, culties they had to ftruggle with, that, June 15, the governor defired to capitulate, and terms being agreed on the Dext day, the place was furrendered the 17th, by which we became masters of the whole ifland, and confequently of St. John's, and the other little islands in the bay of St. Laurence *.

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393

after them, had they met with a fafe and quick paffage t.

A

[To be continued in our next.]

S we gave our readers a plan of the intended bridge at Black-Fryars, (fee p. 160.) we have obliged them this month, with the annexed plan and elevation of London-Bridge, as it would appear if altered according to the opinion of that great architect Sir Chriftopher Wren.

D

A

B

A new QUESTION in NAVIGATION.
UPPOSE from two ports under the

funder, a hip from the wéftermost port fails full north, 40 leagues, and being driven back by contrary winds arrives at a certain port between the other two, and in a right line herewith; the other thip likewife failed from the other port, 31 leagues parallel to the firft, and then changing her courfe mét with the first Dfhip at her fecond port, who after comparing their journals, found they had run equal distances upon their last courfes : Required a geometrical conftiuction, and trigonometrical calculation of that dif tance, the rhumb they refpe&tively failed upon, and the distance of the port they met at, from the other two.

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F

This place was thought of fuch importance, as it really is, by the French court, that they refolved to recover it if poffible. For this purpofe they fitted out, early the next year, a fquadron of eleven line of battle thips, fome frigates, two fire-ships, and a number of tranfports, with 3150 land forces on board, under the command of the duke d'Anville, who upon his landing in Nova-Scotia was to be joined by M. de Ramfay with about 1600 men from Canada. But as we had a fuperior fquadron in the bay of Bifcay, it was June 22, before this fleet could fteal away from Rochelle; and in their voyage they met with fuch contrary winds, that they did not arrive at Chebutto in NovaScotia until September 10, and in their paffage, or foon after their landing, fo many of their men died, among whom G was d'Anville himself, that they returned to France without daring to attempt any thing against Louisbourg or Annapolis, tho' both would have been in very great danger, as we fent no fquadron August, 1756.

Abraham Stone, land furveyor.
Chefham, July 13, 1756.

A Letter from the Committee of Sailors to
Admiral B- at Spithead. (See p. 336.)
Lion and Anchor in Wapping,
July 10, 1756.

Please your Honour,

HE report of your arrival gives us much cheer, but to bear that you are jamm'd in the bilboes, feems as if a ftorm was coming; if your honour had but grappled with Galiffonniere, we think you might weather this hurricane.

Do not be run a-ground by landmen, fooner ftave your cargo, lighten your veffel (heart) pump out the bulge, weigh anchor, fland to fea, and let fly your enfign (Orders) that we may defcry them ; and if fo be, that we find you have obeyed them, why we will stand by you as long Ddd

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as

↑ Ditto 1746, p. 265,

394

INSCRIPTION on an ADMIRAL.

as a plank is left to swim on.-Zoons, let thofe founder who have rotten bottoms.

If the fair weather fparks of Whitehall have anchored in foul ground, haul the wind and theer off with St. George's co. lours, and leave them to be brought to the jeers that deserve it.

Take out the tompkin of your mouth, A and fire away loud as thunder, that by the report all folks may hear that you have done your duty, executed your or ders bravely, and behaved gallantly.

Stand the deck till the clouds break, and let your honour and courage stick together like pitch, and fo mayhap thefe fweet-fcented jeffamy folks may run their leaky veffels a-ground, and founder on dry land.

Tack about and leave them to be expofed to the climate, that they may be condemned unfit for future fervice.

If you find the ftorm fo great as to difable you from carrying fail any longer, and obliged to quit the helm, why, faften C down your hatches, fay a fhort prayer, and die like a man.

I am, for the committee,
Your flave,

T. BOATSWAIN.

Copy of the Affeciation now carrying on at the
Tholfel, Dublin.

WE

B

E the proteftant inhabitants of the city of Dublin, whofe D names are hereunto fubfcribed, being filled with the highest indignation against the pride and infolence of France, audaciously kindling a war, directly pointed to difpoffefs our most righteous fovereign of his rightful dominions in America, and vainly threatning to invade a kingdom, at whofe name they have long been used to tremble:

Deeming it highly expedient, at fuch a juncture, that all complaints of minifterial measures, howsoever grievous and oppreffive, be fufpended; in full confidence that his majefty's well known juftice will, in due time, upon proper information, afford full redress:

E

Judging it highly conducive to the com- F mon fafety of thefe kingdoms, that the proteftants of Ireland, amounting to upwards of two hundred thousand men, fit to carry arms, be fully prepared to aid their parent country in maintaining the honour and dignity of the imperial crown of thefe realms againft all who infult it abroad, or would betray it at home, and G in perpetuating the proteftant fuccefon in his majefty's illuftrious houfe; upon which alone, under heaven, depends the prefervation of us and our pofterity, our Hiberties, cur property, and our religion :

Aug.

Emulating the glory of our British an cestors, who (with hearts undismayed, and hands irretiftible, with valour scarce ever equalled, never to be excelled) maintained the empire of the ocean; defended their free and happy country; and thro a feries of ages preferved their matchlefs conftitution, against the numberless attempts of infidious minifters to undermine it:

We his majesty's proteftant fubje&s, inhabitants of this great metropolis (our hearts overflowing with the Atrongest and warmest fentiments of loyalty, gratitude, and affection for his facred perfon and family; our confidence refting on Almighty power for fuccefs in the caufe of publick virtue and true religion) do hereby folemnly promife and engage to each o ther, to our king and to our country, that we will enter into, and act in any military fervice, which our most just and gracious fovereign fhall require of us, in any part of this kingdom, or of GreatBritain, during the prefent war; and that fuch of us, as are in circumstances to afford it, will arm ourselves at our own expence, whenever his majesty's pleafure fhall be fignified for that purpose."

A Monumental Infeription for a late moft renowned A-1.

Here lie the dirty remains of the d-f-
honourable J. B.

Who, to his own eternal fhame,
And the infinite detriment of this nation,
Was unfortunately promoted to the ho-
nour of being
An English Admiral.

He was the fon of the great lord vif

count T

Whofe noble blood he belied:
Was intrufted with an expedition, of the
utmost confequence, by his country,
Whofe interefts he betray'd;
And attended in it by a number of brave
officers and feamen,
Whofe ardour he reprefs'd,
And

Whofe lives he facrific'd.
Being order'd to haften to the relief of
M-n-ca, then invaded by the French,,
He employ'd every artifice of delay, till
he was furpriz'd by the enemy's fleet,
Whom he had neither the courage to en-
gage himself, tho' fuperior in ftrength,
Nor, when flying before a few of his

hips, even the fpirit to purfue :
And without once attempting to preferve a
place of fuch importance to this nation,
Ór to affift his gallant countrymen, who
had fo long and fo bravely defended it,
He return'd ingloriously to G-b-al-r!
Infenfible of his own fhame,

And

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