The Endothelium, Parte 1Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2011 - 281 páginas The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References |
Índice
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EndotheliumDependent Regulation of Vascular Tone | 43 |
101152ajpregu008072006 | 175 |
wwwiupharorg 2002 | 197 |
101073pnas89114888 | 232 |
Términos y frases comunes
acetylcholine activation Additionally agonists angiotensin aorta aortic arachidonic acid arterioles associated atherosclerosis BKCa blood pressure blood vessels bradykinin Ca2+ Campbell WB Cardiovasc Pharmacol Cardiovasc Res cardiovascular diseases Circ Res Clin contribute cyclooxygenase cytochrome P450 diabetic dilation EDHF EETs effects endogenous endothelial cells endothelial dysfunction endothelium endothelium-dependent contractions endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization endothelium-dependent relaxations endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor enhanced eNOS enzyme epoxyeicosatrienoic acids expression Falck JR Félétou function gap junctions gene guanylyl cyclase Heart Circ Physiol human hypertensive rats impaired induced inhibition inhibitors intracellular involved isoforms K+ channels knockout mice L-arginine leukocyte lipoxygenase mechanism mediated membrane mesenteric arteries metabolism metabolites nitric oxide synthase oxidative stress pathway peptide Physiol Heart Circ platelet potassium channels potential production prostacyclin prostaglandin prostanoids pulmonary rabbit reactive oxygen species regulation release renal role signaling smooth muscle cells stimulation superoxide Thromb Vasc Biol thromboxane A2 tion TP receptors Vanhoutte PM vascular smooth muscle vascular tone vasoconstrictor vasodilatation vasodilator