Principles of Extractive Metallurgy: Pyrometallurgy |
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achieved acid alloy aluminum batch blast furnace blast furnace gas calcination calcium carbon carbonaceous fuel carbonyl chalcopyrite Chapter charge chlorine coal coke combustion condenser conducted containing converter cooling copper Cu2S decomposed decomposition deoxidation distillation dust electric furnace electrodes elemental sulfur exit gases exothermic ferrosilicon fluidized bed fluoride flux formation gaseous hearth furnace heat high temperature hydrogen ilmenite impurities iron oxide layer leaching lead liquid magnesium magnetite matte melting point method mineral mixture molten metal nickel operation oxygen particles pellets pig iron powder precipitation preheated pressure pyrite pyrometallurgical reaction takes place reactor reacts recovered recovery reducing agent reduction refining refractory removed retort reverberatory furnace rotary kiln separation shown in Fig silicate silicon sintering slag sodium solid soluble solution steel steelmaking sulfate sulfide concentrate Table thermal Typical analysis usually vacuum vapor volatile white metal zinc zirconium zone